Hand Held Symbology Reader Illumination Diffuser

ABSTRACT

A hand held industrial identification symbol reader projects diffuse illumination onto a region of interest to produce high contrast images of symbols. The diffuse illumination is particularly well suited for producing images of symbols that are marked directly on objects. The diffuse illumination is created through the use of an optically translucent diffuser having a generally tapered shape that distributes diffuse illumination throughout the field of view of the reader. The diffuse illumination can be supplemented with dark field illumination using selectively actuated illumination sources.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to illumination for image acquisition devices,and more particularly, to illumination for image acquisition devicesused for reading industrial identification codes.

2. Description of the Related Art

Machine vision systems use image acquisition devices that include camerasensors to deliver information on a viewed subject. The system theninterprets this information according to a variety of algorithms toperform a programmed decision-making and/or identification function. Foran image to be most effectively acquired by a sensor in the visible, andnear visible light range, the subject should be properly illuminated.

In the example of identification symbol scanning using an image sensor,good lighting is highly desirable. Identification symbol scanningentails the aiming of an image acquisition sensor (CMOS camera, CCD,etc.) at a location on an object that contains a bar code, data matrix,or other identification symbol, and retrieval of an image of thatsymbol. The identification symbol contains a set of predeterminedpatterns that represent an ordered group of characters or symbols fromwhich an attached data processor (for example a microcomputer) canderive useful information about the object (e.g. its serial number,type, model, price, etc.). Identification symbols are available in avariety of shapes and sizes. Two of the most commonly employed symboltypes are the so-called one-dimensional barcode, consisting a line ofvertical stripes of varying width and spacing, and the so-calledtwo-dimensional barcode consisting of a two-dimensional array of dots orrectangles.

In reading identification symbols or other subjects of interest the typeof illumination employed is of particular concern. Where barcodes andother viewed subjects are printed on a flat surface with contrasting inkor paint, a diffuse, high-angle “bright field” illumination may besthighlight these features for the sensor. By high-angle it is meant,generally, light that strikes the subject nearly perpendicularly(normal) or at an angle that is typically no less than about 45 degreesfrom perpendicular (normal) to the surface of the item being scanned.Such illumination is subject to substantial reflection back toward thesensor. By way of example, barcodes and other subjects requiring mainlybright field illumination may be present on a printed label adhered toan item or container, or on a printed field in a relatively smooth areaof item or container.

Conversely, where a barcode or other subject is formed on amore-irregular surface or is created by etching or peening a patterndirectly on the surface, the use of highly reflective bright fieldillumination may be inappropriate. A peened/etched surface hastwo-dimensional properties that tend to scatter bright fieldillumination, thereby obscuring the acquired image. Where a viewedsubject has such decidedly two-dimensional surface texture, it may bebest illuminated with dark field illumination. This is an illuminationwith a characteristic low angle (approximately 45 degrees or less, forexample) with respect to the surface of the subject (i.e. an angle ofmore than approximately 45 degrees with respect to normal). Using suchlow-angle, dark field illumination, two-dimensional surface texture iscontrasted more effectively (with indents appearing as bright spots andthe surroundings as shadow) for better image acquisition.

To take full advantage of the versatility of a camera image sensor, itis desirable to provide both bright field and dark field illuminationfor selective or simultaneous illumination of a subject. However, darkfield illumination must be presented close to a subject to attain thelow incidence angle thereto. Conversely, bright field illumination isbetter produced at a relative distance to ensure full area illumination.

In the situation where a barcode or other subject is formed on aspecular surface, non-directional totally diffuse bright fieldillumination is preferred. This type of illumination, like thatnaturally produced on a cloudy day must surround the object upon whichthe barcode is placed. In typical machine vision applications,non-directional totally diffuse illumination is difficult and costly toprovide, usually by way of surrounding a workpiece with a light tent.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect the present invention provides diffuse illumination in ahand held reader to produce high contrast images of symbols andbarcodes. A tapered translucent diffuser is disposed between the imagerand the region of interest with illumination behind the diffuserdirected toward the region of interest. The tapered diffuser convertsbright field illumination into totally diffused non-directionalillumination. The narrow end of the tapered diffuser surrounds the lensat a position near to the lens of the reader. The wide end of thetapered diffuser surrounds the field of view near the region ofinterest. Accordingly, the field of view is flooded with diffuseillumination.

In another aspect of the invention, diffuse illumination is produced inaddition to low angle dark field illumination. In this aspect of theinvention, a passive light pipe that produces low angle dark fieldillumination is positioned around the diffuser. Alternatively, an activelight pipe surrounds the diffuser, with dark field illuminators directlyprojecting illumination at a low angle with respect to the region ofinterest. The reader can be configured to selectively actuate either thediffuse illumination from the tapered diffuser, or exclusive dark fieldillumination from the dark field light pipes, or a combination of bothdiffuse illumination and dark field illumination.

In yet another aspect of the invention, in addition to the tapereddiffuser that surrounds the lens at the narrow end of the diffuser,diffused illumination directed to a semi-transparent mirror positionedin front of the lens and aligned so that a portion of the lightreflecting from the region of interest is projected into the lens, whilea portion of the diffuse illumination is reflected onto the region ofinterest. In this aspect of the invention, uniform diffuse illuminationcan be projected onto the region of interest without producing areflection of the lens in the image.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will becomeapparent from the following detailed description, the accompanyingdrawings, and the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention is further described in the detailed descriptionwhich follows, by reference to the noted drawings by way of non-limitingillustrative embodiments, in which like reference numerals representsimilar part throughout the several views of the drawings, and wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a handheld scanning system and an objecthaving a symbol thereon;

FIG. 2 is a schematic cross sectional view of an image formation systemaccording to the prior art;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a representative object having atwo-dimensional symbol marked thereon, according to the background art;

FIG. 4 is an image of a two dimensional symbol on a specular cylindricalobject acquired using an image formation system according to the priorart;

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross sectional view of an image formation systemaccording an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an illustrative embodiment of an imageformation system according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is an image of a two dimensional symbol on a specular cylindricalobject acquired using an image formation system according to the presentinvention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross section of an illustrative embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross section of an illustrative embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 10 is a schematic cross section of an illustrative embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of an image formation systemaccording to an illustrative embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross section of an illustrative embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic cross section of an illustrative embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an illustrative embodiment of thepresent invention with the diffuser according to the invention adaptedwith a cylindrical shape; and

FIG. 15 is a perspective view of an illustrative embodiment of thepresent invention with selective quadrant diffuse illumination.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows a scanning system 101 adapted for handheld operation. Anexemplary handheld scanning appliance or handpiece 102 is provided. Itincludes a grip section 104 and a body section 106. An image formationsystem 151, shown in phantom and described herein, can be controlled andcan direct image data to an onboard embedded processor 109. Thisprocessor can include a scanning software application 113 by whichlighting is controlled, images are acquired and image data isinterpreted into usable information (for example, alphanumeric stringsderived from the barcode images). The decoded information can bedirected via a cable 111 to a PC or other data storage device 112 having(for example) a display 114, keyboard 116 and mouse 118, where it can bestored and further manipulated using an appropriate application 121.Alternatively, the cable 111 can be directly connected to an interfacein the scanning appliance and an appropriate interface in the computer112. In this case the computer-based application 121 performs variousimage interpretation and lighting control functions as needed. Theprecise arrangement of the handheld scanning appliance with respect toan embedded processor, computer or other processor is highly variable.For example, a wireless interconnect can be provided in which no cable111 is present. Likewise, the depicted microcomputer can be substitutedwith another processing device, including an onboard processor or aminiaturized processing unit such as a personal digital assistant orother small-scale computing device.

The scanning application 113 can be adapted to respond to inputs fromthe scanning appliance 102. For example, when the operator toggles atrigger 122 on the hand held scanning appliance 102, an internal cameraimage sensor (110, shown and described further below) acquires an imageof a region of interest 131 on an object 105. The exemplary region ofinterest includes a two-dimensional symbol 195 that can be used toidentify the object 105. Identification and other processing functionsare carried out by the scanning application 113, based upon image datatransmitted from the hand held scanning appliance 102 to the processor109. A visual indicator 141 can be illuminated by signals from theprocessor 109 to indicate a successful read and decode of the symbol195.

FIG. 2 depicts an image formation system 151 typically used in a handheld scanning appliance 102. FIG. 2 shows a cross sectional view of aprior art imaging system 100 for reading marks or symbols on an object105. The imaging system 100 has an imager 110 that is one of a varietyof types of photosensitive imaging sensors, such as a CMOS or CCDdevice. A lens 130 disposed in front of the imager 110 is configured todirect illumination onto the imager 110. The imager 110 and lens 130together form an optical axis 140 that defines the center of a field ofview, which is bound by the polyhedral volume defined as lines 150 inFIG. 2.

At a given focus setting, a sharply focused image of the surface of anobject 105 will be projected by the lens 130 onto the imager 110 whenthe object is positioned at an appropriate distance from the imagingsystem 100. Optical properties of the system will affect the range ofdistance from which the object 105 can be positioned in front of thesystem 100 while projecting an image of the object 105 onto the imager110 that exhibits features of sufficient sharpness and contrast so as tobe perceived as a focused image. The range upon which a focused imagecan be formed on the imager 110 is a called the depth of field 125.

Illuminators 120 are shown in the system 100 for directing illuminationtowards the object 105. Typically, a diffuser 180 is disposed in frontof the illuminators 120 to diffuse the illumination so that a uniformdistribution of illumination can be spread over the surface of theobject. Without the diffuser 180, the illumination from the illuminators120 will appear as areas of high intensity illumination surrounded byareas of low intensity illumination. As shown in FIG. 2, the field ofview of an image of a cylindrical object 105 is the portion of thesurface of the object from point B 135 to point A 145.

Although the entire field of view is illuminated, only a portion of thereflective surface (from point P 175 to point Q 165) will reflect lightinto the imaging system 100. This results from the maximum angle ofillumination, depicted as lines 155 in FIG. 2, that can be reflectedinto the imaging system 100, depicted as lines 160 in FIG. 2, beingsignificantly less than the field of view. The image of a cylindricalobject using the prior art imaging system 100 will depict a brightlyilluminated band over the area defined by lines through points P and Q.

FIG. 3 depicts a two-dimensional data matrix symbol 195 etched on thesurface of a cylindrical object, e.g., a drill bit 190. Presenting theexemplary drill bit 190 to the imaging system 100 will produce an imageof the symbol 195 as shown in FIG. 4. A brightly illuminated band can beobserved between the regions defined as lines P 175 and Q 165. Theillumination that strikes the remaining portion of the object does notreflect into the optics of the imaging system 100, and therefore, theimage is too dark to produce a clear representation of the data matrixsymbol so that decoding algorithms can be applied to decode the symbol.

FIG. 5 depicts an improved imaging system 200 according to the presentinvention that can be used as an image formation system 151 in a handheld scanning appliance 102. The improved system 200 has an imager 110that is one of a variety of types of photosensitive imaging sensors,such as a CMOS or CCD device. A lens 130 disposed in front of the imager110 is configured to direct illumination onto the imager 110. The imager110 and lens 130 together form an optical axis 140 that defines thecenter of a field of view, which is bound by the polyhedral area definedas lines 150 in FIG. 4

At a given focus setting, a sharply focused image of the surface of theobject 105 will be projected by the lens 130 onto the imager 110 whenthe object is positioned at an appropriate distance from the improvedsystem 200. Optical properties of the system will affect the range ofdistance from which the object 105 can be positioned in front of theimproved system 200 while projecting an image of the object 105 onto theimager 110 that exhibits features of sufficient sharpness and contrastso as to be perceived as a focused image. The range upon which a focusedimage can be formed on the imager 110 is a called the depth of field125.

Illuminators 120 are shown in the improved system 200 for directingillumination towards the object 105. Optionally, a diffuser 180 can beused to diffuse the bright field illumination. In an illustrativeembodiment of the present invention, a conical diffuser 300 is disposedbetween the lens 130 and the object 105. One skilled in the art willappreciate that while the illustrative embodiment describes a conicalshaped diffuser 300, other embodiments can be employed with alternativeshapes without departing from the scope of the invention. For example,parabolic, cylindrical, and hemispherical shaped diffusers can be usedas a diffuser 300.

FIG. 6 depicts a perspective view of the basic elements of theillustrative embodiment of the present invention. The conical diffuser300 is constructed from an translucent plastic material, such aspolymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) with a roughened surface to achieve theoptical property of translucency. In an embodiment of the invention, theoptical properties of the diffuser 300 has translucency like that ofordinary white paper, in that illumination will cause the surface of thediffuser to appear bright. The conical diffuser 300 can be molded with arough mold surface, or sandblasted to roughen the normally clearmaterial to be translucent. The diffuser 300 is configured so that afirst distal end, the narrow opening, of the diffuser surrounds theopening of the lens 130 and aligned with the imager 110 (shown inphantom). The illuminators 120 are distributed around the lens 130 sothat an even distribution of illumination can be projected.

Referring back to FIG. 5, the entire field of view is illuminated withdiffuse illumination since the second distal end of the diffuser 300surrounds the field of view near the object 105. The maximum angle ofillumination from the diffuser 300, shown as line 310 strikes the object105 within the region defined as the field of view between point A 145and point B 135, reflecting toward the lens 130 and the imager 110 aslines 150. Illumination from the diffuser that strikes the objectoutside of that region is outside the field of view, and therefore, notcaptured by the imager 110.

Presenting the exemplary drill bit 190 (FIG. 3) to the improved imagingsystem 200, an image of the data matrix symbol 195 will be formed likethat shown in FIG. 7. The entire data matrix symbol 195 is visible,since the region defined as the field of view between point A 145 andpoint B 135 receive diffuse illumination, and therefore, decodingalgorithms operating on the image can readily extract the encodedinformation.

FIG. 8 shows another implementation of the diffuser 300 with a passivelight pipe 800, shown in cross section relative to the lens 130, toprovide diffuse illumination in combination with, or in the alternativeto dark field illumination. Dark field illumination 810 is directed intothe light pipe 800 that is internally reflected at a chamfered portion815 to be directed at the object 105 at a low angle. Further informationregarding the design and implementation of passive light pipes withselectively actuated illumination to provide dark field illumination canbe found in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No.10/693,626, incorporated herein by reference. Bright field illumination820 is converted into totally diffuse illumination by the diffuser 300,to project diffuse illumination on the object 105 within the field ofview, depicted as the region defined by lines 150. Optionally, thediffuser 300 can be removably attached to the hand held scanningappliance 102 so that a user can operate the hand held scanningappliance using non-diffuse bright field illumination. The removabilityof the diffuser 300 can be achieved by incorporating snap-fit clearancesand/or features in the diffuser and light pipe that permit removableassembly (not shown).

When dark field illumination is exclusively applied to the object 105 inthe embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 8, scatteredillumination may reflect from the object 105 and then from the diffuser300 to unintentionally cause diffuse illumination on the object 105.This condition may be undesirable for reading certain parts that arebest imaged with low angle dark field illumination, such as peened datamatrix marks on a highly specular surface.

FIG. 9 shows an alternate embodiment of the implementation of thediffuser 300 with a passive light pipe 800, shown in cross sectionrelative to the lens 130, to provide selectively exclusive dark fieldillumination or diffuse illumination. In this embodiment, a colorspecific dark field illumination 835 is projected into the light pipe800. The diffuser 300 is fabricated with a material 840 having a colorcharacteristic different from the color of the color specific dark fieldillumination 835, and illuminated with color specific bright fieldillumination 825 that matches the color characteristic of the material840. In this embodiment, when the color specific dark field illuminationis exclusively actuated, the low angle dark field illumination isprojected onto the object 105, and any scattered illumination reflectingfrom the object 105 and then the diffuser 300 will not be converted intototally diffuse illumination.

In an illustrative embodiment according to FIG. 9, the color specificdark field illumination 835 is red, and the color specific bright fieldillumination is blue, with the material 840 having a blue color. In thisembodiment, if only low angle dark field illumination is desired, thered dark field illumination 835 is turned on, with the blue bright fieldillumination turned off. The low angle red illumination striking theobject, if scattered to reflect off the blue colored material 840 of thediffuser 300, will not appear bright in an image, and therefore notcontribute to the illumination of the object with totally diffuseillumination. Conversely, if the blue bright field illumination 825 isturned on, the blue colored material 840 of the diffuser will transmitand diffuse the illumination to provide totally diffuse illumination ofthe object 105 within the field of view, depicted as the region definedby lines 150. One skilled in the art will appreciate that alternativecolor characteristics, such as red/infrared can be employed according tothe illustrative embodiment of FIG. 9.

FIG. 10 shows another illustrative embodiment of the implementation ofthe diffuser 300 with a passive light pipe 800, shown in cross sectionrelative to the lens 130, to provide selectively exclusive dark fieldillumination or diffuse illumination. In this illustrative embodiment,dark field illumination 810 is projected into the light pipe 800 toproduce low angle dark field illumination while the bright fieldillumination 820 is turned off. A light absorbing foil 860, such as aneutral density filter material is applied to the interior surface ofthe diffuser 300. Low angle dark field illumination that reflects offthe object 105 is absorbed by the foil filter 860 so that totallydiffuse illumination is not reflected back onto the object. If diffuseillumination is desired, either instead of dark field illumination, orin combination with dark field illumination, the bright fieldillumination 820 is turned on. The intensity of the bright fieldillumination 820 would need to be increased to compensate for theabsorption of such illumination by the foil filter 820. With the brightfield illumination actuated, totally diffuse illumination will transmitfrom the diffuser 300, through the foil filter 860, and onto the objectwithin the field of view, depicted as the region defined by lines 150.

FIG. 11 depicts another illustrative embodiment of the implementation ofthe diffuser 300 as an image formation system 151 in a hand heldscanning appliance 102. In the illustrative embodiment according to FIG.11, the diffuser 300 is inserted into an active light pipe 870. Theactive light pipe 870 provides low angle dark field illumination from aring of dark field illuminators 875, as disclosed in the commonlyassigned International Patent Application WO02/075637, incorporatedherein by reference. The dark field illuminators 875 are held in placewith a threaded collar 880, and flexible sleeve 890. Bright fieldilluminators 120 project bright field illumination that is diffused byan optional diffuser 180, that is diffused over the entire field of viewby the diffuser 300. A transparent window 895 protects the lens 130 andother internal components from the operating environment.

In the illustrative embodiment according to FIG. 11, the conicaldiffuser 300 can be positioned to diffuse the dark field illuminationfrom the dark field illuminators 875, or optionally constructed topermit illumination from the dark field illuminators 875 to project ontothe object at low angle without being diffused. This optionalconfiguration can be achieved by inserting the conical diffuser 300further into the active light pipe 870 toward the lens 130 to expose thedark field illuminators 875, or by constructing the conical diffuser 300to have a transparent optical property at the distal end where it isdisposed in front of the dark field illuminators 875. When the hand heldscanning appliance having an image formation system 151 according to theillustrative embodiment according to FIG. 11 is operated, the user canconfigure or select exclusive dark field illumination or exclusivediffuse illumination, or a combination of both modes of illuminationthereof.

In the illustrative embodiment according to FIG. 11, the conicaldiffuser 300 can be optionally removed from the image formation system151 so that the hand held scanning appliance 102 can be operated withoutdiffuse illumination. This condition may be desired if high intensitynon-diffuse bright field illumination, or if exclusive dark fieldillumination is required. The removable aspect of the diffuser 300 canbe achieved by unscrewing the threaded collar 880 to remove the diffuser300, and re-threading the collar 880 without the diffuser in place.

FIG. 12 shows a schematic representation of the effect of illuminatingan object 105 having a highly specular surface 910 according to thepresent invention. The resulting image 920 will exhibit features 925associated with a reflection of the lens 130. Though the field of view930, as defined as the region bound by lines 150, will be illuminatedwith totally diffuse illumination from the diffuser 300, the image 920will exhibit a darkened region of features 925 that is a reflection oflight not emanating from the diffuser 300.

FIG. 13 shows an illustrative embodiment of the invention that furtherimproves the uniform distribution of diffuse illumination over the fieldof view according to the present invention. Bright field illumination820 is converted into totally diffuse illumination by the diffuser 300,to project diffuse illumination on the object 105 within the field ofview, depicted as the region defined by lines 150. A semi-reflectingmirror 950 is disposed in front of the lens 130, and behind the diffuserat an appropriate angle so that the image of the field of view isprojected into the lens 130. A second bright field illumination source935 is directed toward the semi-reflecting mirror 950, with a seconddiffuser 940 disposed between the second illumination source 935 and thesemi-reflecting mirror 950. The second diffuser 940 is composed of thesame material as the diffuser 300, with the same translucent opticalproperties. One skilled in the art will appreciate that a singlediffuser can be fabricated or molded that can provide the functionalityof both the diffuser 300 and the second diffuser 940. The intensity ofthe second illumination source 935 may require an increased level duringoperation since a portion of the illumination 935 will not be reflectedonto the object 105, but rather through the semi-reflecting mirror intothe body of the hand held scanning appliance 102. By adjusting theintensity level of the second illumination 935, an even distribution ofdiffuse illumination can be achieved over the entire field of view 930.

FIG. 14 shows an illustrative embodiment of the invention that providesa cylindrical shape 990 in the diffuser 300 so that an object 105 havingan extended length can be presented to the improved imaging system 200.The cylindrical shape 990 of the diffuser provides relief so that thediffuser 300 can increase an area of diffuse illumination pattern on areflective cylindrical object. Further, the cylindrical shape 990provides an aiming assistance to the user.

FIG. 15 shows a plurality of selectively actuated illuminators 985 thatcan provide selective illumination of the diffuser 300. In thisillustrative embodiment, the North illuminator 996 can be actuated withthe South illuminator 998 while the East illuminator 994 and the Westilluminator 992 are not actuated. Conversely, the East illuminator 994and the West illuminator 992 can be actuated while the North illuminator996 and the South illuminator 998 are not actuated. Selective quadrantillumination according to this illustrative embodiment permits anadjustment, or compensation, of the uniformity of the illumination thatis converted into totally diffuse illumination by the diffuser 300, onan axis parallel with the axis of a specular object 105.

While the invention has been described with reference to certainillustrated embodiments, the words which have been used herein are wordsof description rather than words of limitation. Changes may be made,within the purview of the appended claims, without departing from thescope and sprit of the invention and its aspects. Although the inventionhas been described herein with reference to particular structures, actsand materials, the invention is not to be limited to the particularsdisclosed, but rather extends to all equivalent structures, acts, andmaterials, such as are within the scope of the appended claims.

1.-20. (canceled)
 21. An apparatus for imaging a symbol on an object,the apparatus comprising: a hand held portable imaging system having animager; a lens disposed between the imager and a region of interest, theregion of interest being the intended position of the symbol on theobject, the lens and imager defining a field of view and an opticalaxis; a diffuser concentrically aligned with the optical axis, having afirst end surrounding the field of view proximate to the lens, and asecond end surrounding the field of view proximate to the region ofinterest; a dark field illuminating light pipe concentrically alignedwith the optical axis and adjacent to the second end of diffuser; and adark field illuminator directing illumination into the dark fieldilluminating light pipe.
 22. The apparatus according to claim 21 whereinthe diffuser is removably attached.
 23. The apparatus according to claim21 further comprising an illuminator to provide selective illuminationof the diffuser.
 24. The apparatus according to claim 23 wherein thediffuser has a first color characteristic, the illuminator emitsillumination having a color characteristic similar to the first colorcharacteristic, and the dark field illuminator emits illumination havinga second color characteristic.
 25. The apparatus according to claim 24wherein the first color characteristic is blue, and the second colorcharacteristic is red.
 26. The apparatus according to claim 24 whereinat least one color characteristic is infrared.
 27. The apparatusaccording to claim 21 further comprising: a light absorbing filterapplied to the diffuser and disposed between the diffuser and the regionof interest.
 28. The apparatus of claim 23 wherein the illuminatorfurther comprises a plurality of selectively actuated illuminators. 29.An apparatus for imaging a symbol on an object, the apparatuscomprising: a hand held portable imaging system having an imager; a lensdisposed between the imager and a region of interest, the region ofinterest being the intended position of the symbol on the object, thelens and imager defining a field of view and an optical axis; a darkfield illuminating light pipe having a first end and a second end, thesecond end surrounding the field of view proximate to the region ofinterest and configured to emit a dark field illumination toward theobject at a low angle; a diffuser aligned with the optical axis, thediffuser having a first end proximate to the lens, and a second endsurrounding the field of view proximate to the object, the second end ofthe diffuser proximate to the dark field illuminating light pipe; and anilluminator to provide illumination to the diffuser.
 30. The apparatusaccording to claim 29 wherein the second end of the dark fieldilluminating light pipe comprises a chamfer configured to reflect thedark field illumination toward the object through an emitting surface onan inner side of the dark field illuminating light pipe.
 31. Theapparatus according to claim 29 and further comprising dark fieldilluminators at the first end of the dark field illuminating light pipe.32. The apparatus according to claim 31 wherein the dark fieldilluminators and the illuminator are separately actuateable.
 33. Theapparatus according to claim 29 wherein the illuminator is acolor-specific illuminator.
 34. An apparatus for imaging a symbol on anobject, the apparatus comprising: a hand held portable imaging systemhaving an imager; a lens disposed between the imager and a region ofinterest, the region of interest being the intended position of thesymbol on the object, the lens and imager defining a field of view andan optical axis; a diffuser aligned with the optical axis, having afirst distal end proximate to the lens, and a second distal endproximate to the region of interest; an illuminator for illuminating thediffuser comprises a plurality of illuminators; a dark fieldilluminating light pipe aligned with the optical axis wherein thediffuser directs light toward the region of interest, through aninterior perimeter of the dark field illuminating light pipe; and a darkfield illuminator directing illumination into the dark fieldilluminating light pipe.
 35. The apparatus according to claim 34 whereinthe dark field illuminator and the illuminator are separatelyactuateable.